The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts
P. A. R. AdeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, U.KJames AguirreDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AZeeshan AhmedKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.ASimone AiolaJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AAamir AliDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.ADavid AlonsoUniversity of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, U.KMarcelo A. AlvarezComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.AKam ArnoldDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, U.S.APeter AshtonDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.AJason E. AustermannHumna AwanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, U.S.AC. BaccigalupiIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di TriesteTaylor BaildonDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48103, U.S.ADarcy BarronDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.ANick BattagliaCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, U.S.ARichard A. BattyeJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.KEric J. BaxterDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AA. O. BazarkoJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AJames A. BeallRachel BeanDepartment of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AD. BeckAstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, FranceShawn BeckmanDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.ABenjamin BeringueDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA, U.KF. BianchiniSchool of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, AustraliaSteven BoadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, U.S.ABoris BollietInstituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería, Facultad de Fìsica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, ChileJ. Richard BondCanadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaJulian BorrillDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.AMichael L. BrownJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.KSarah Marie BrunoJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.ASean BryanSchool of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ U.S.AErminia CalabreseSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, U.KVictoria CalafutDepartment of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AP. CalisseInstituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería, Facultad de Fìsica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, ChileJulien CarronDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, U.KA. ChallinorDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA, U.KGrace E. ChesmoreDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48103, U.S.AY. ChinoneKavli Institute for The Physics and Mathematics of The Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277- 8583, JapanJens ChlubaJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.KHsiao-Mei Sherry ChoSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.ASteve K. ChoiJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AGabriele CoppiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.ANicholas F. CothardDepartment of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AKevin CoughlinDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48103, U.S.ADevin CrichtonAstrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South AfricaKevin D. CrowleyUniversity of California San DiegoKevin T. CrowleyDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, U.S.AA. CukiermanDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.AJohn M. D'EwartSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.ARolando DünnerInstituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería, Facultad de Fìsica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, ChileT. de HaanPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.AMark J. DevlinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.ASimon DickerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AJoy DidierUniversity of Southern California. Department of Physics and Astronomy, 825 Bloom Walk ACB 439, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0484M. DobbsPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, CanadaBradley DoberCody J. DuellDepartment of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AShannon M. DuffAdriaan J. DuivenvoordenAlbaNovaJo DunkleyDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AJohn DusatkoSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.AJosquin ErrardSorbonne Paris CitéGiulio FabbianInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay, FranceStephen M. FeeneyCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, U.S.AS. FerraroBerkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.APedro FluxáInstituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería, Facultad de Fìsica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, ChileKatherine FreeseDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48103, U.S.AJ. FrischKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.AAndrei V. FrolovSimon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, CanadaGeorge M. FullerDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, U.S.ABrittany FuziaDepartment of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, U.S.ANicholas GalitzkiUniversity of California San DiegoPatricio A. GallardoDepartment of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AJosé T. Gálvez GhersiSimon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, CanadaJiansong GaoEric GawiserDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, U.S.AM. GerbinoAlbaNovaVera GluscevicDepartment of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.AN. Goeckner-WaldDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.AJoseph E. GolecDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48103, U.S.ASam GordonSchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.AMegan GrallaUniversity of Arizona, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719, U.S.ADaniel GreenUniversity of California San DiegoArpi GrigorianJ. C. GrohDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.AChris GroppiSchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.AYilun GuanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, U.S.AJon E. GudmundssonAlbaNovaDongwon HanPhysics and Astronomy Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.APeter HargraveSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, U.KM. HasegawaHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanMatthew HasselfieldDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.AM. HattoriAstronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, JapanVictor HaynesJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.KM. HazumiThe University of TokyoYizhou HeMcWilliams Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.AErin HealyJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AShawn HendersonSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.ACarlos Hervías-CaimapoJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.KCharles A. HillPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
2019en
ABI
Annotatsiya
The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ≈ 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r , at a target level of σ( r )=0.003. The large aperture telescope will map ≈ 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
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