Maqola

Fast Variability of TeraElectron Volt γ Rays from the Radio Galaxy M87

F. AharonianCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceA. G. AkhperjanianYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaA. R. Bazer‐BachiMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyM. BeilickeMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsW. BenbowHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinD. BergeHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinK. BernlöhrYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaC. BoissonMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyO. BolzInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyV. BorrelMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyI. BraunUniversität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, GermanyA. M. BrownHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinR. BühlerHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinI. BüschingInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyS. CarriganInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyP. M. ChadwickCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceL.-M. ChounetMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsG. CoignetLaboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3/CNRS, 9 Chemin de Bellevue, BP 110 F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex, FranceR. CornilsUniversität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, GermanyL. CostamanteInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyB. DegrangeInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyH. J. DickinsonHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinA. Djannati-AtaïInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyL. O’C. DruryMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyG. DubusMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsK. EgbertsMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsD. EmmanoulopoulosInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyP. EspigatMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyF. FeinsteinInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyE. FerreroMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyA. FiaßonMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsG. FontaineMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyS. FunkMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyM. FüßlingMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsY. A. GallantMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsB. GiebelsCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceJ. F. GlicensteinMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsP. GoretMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsC. HadjichristidisMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyD. HauserYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaM. HäuserMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyG. HeinzelmannYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaG. HenriCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceG. HermannYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaJ. A. HintonYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaA. HoffmannMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsW. HofmannCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceM. HolleranHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinS. HoppeHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinD. HornsMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsA. JachołkowskaYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaO. C. de JagerHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinE. KendziorraInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyM. KerschhagglInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyB. KhélifiCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceNu. KominHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinA. KonopelkoHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinK. KosackYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaG. LamannaUniversität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, GermanyI. J. LathamInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyR. Le GallouYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaA. LemièreHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinM. Lemoine‐GoumardInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyJ.-P. LenainMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsT. LohseMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsJean‐Michel MartinMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsO. Martineau‐HuynhUniversität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, GermanyA. MarcowithCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceC. MastersonMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyG. MaurinInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyT. J. L. McCombYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaE. MoulinUniversität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, GermanyM. de NauroisMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyD. NedbalYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaS. J. NolanMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyA. NoutsosCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceK. J. OrfordInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyJ. L. OsborneYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaM. OuchrifYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaM. PanterMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsG. PelletierInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyS. PitaCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceG. PühlhoferInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyM. PunchCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceS. RanchonMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsB. C. RaubenheimerInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyM. RaueMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsS. M. RaynerInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyA. ReimerCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceJ. RipkenUniversität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, GermanyL. RobCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceL. RollandMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, GermanyS. Rosier-LeesInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, GermanyGavin RowellYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaV. SahakianYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaA. SantangeloUniversität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, GermanyL. SaugéCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceS. SchlenkerYerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, ArmeniaR. SchlickeiserMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany

2006en

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ABI

Annotatsiya

The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10(12) eV) gamma-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the gamma-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV gamma rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

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DOI: 10.1126/science.1134408

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