A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet
Ru-Sen LuShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. [email protected]Keiichi AsadaInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. [email protected]T. P. KrichbaumMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany. [email protected]Jongho ParkInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCFumie TazakiMizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Oshu, JapanHung-Yi PuDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCMasanori NakamuraInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCA. P. LobanovMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyKazuhiro HadaMizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Oshu, Japan. [email protected]Kazunori AkiyamaMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyJae-Young KimDepartment of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of KoreaI. Martí‐VidalDepartament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, Valencia, SpainJosé L. GómezInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Granada, SpainTomohisa KawashimaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, JapanYe‐Fei YuanShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of ChinaE. RosMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyW. AlefMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyS. BritzenMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyMichael BremerInstitut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, Saint Martin d'Hères, FranceAvery E. BroderickPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaAkihiro DoiInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, JapanG. GiovanniniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyM. GirolettiIstituto di Radio Astronomia, INAF, Bologna, ItalyPaul T. P. HoInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCMareki HonmaMizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Oshu, JapanD. H. HughesInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, MexicoMakoto InoueInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCWu JiangShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of ChinaMotoki KinoAcademic Support Center, Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering, Hachioji, JapanShoko KoyamaGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, JapanM. LindqvistDepartment of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, SwedenJun LiuMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyAlan P. MarscherInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USASatoki MatsushitaInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCHiroshi NagaiNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, JapanHelge RottmannMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyT. SavolainenMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyK. SchüsterInstitut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, Saint Martin d'Hères, FranceZhi-Qiang ShenKey Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of ChinaP. de VicenteObservatorio de Yebes, IGN, Yebes, SpainR. C. WalkerNational Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, USAHai YangSchool of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaJ. A. ZensusMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyJuan Carlos AlgabaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAlexander AllardiUniversity of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USAU. BachMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyRyan BertholdEast Asian Observatory, Hilo, HI, USADan BintleyEast Asian Observatory, Hilo, HI, USADo‐Young ByunUniversity of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaC. CasadioInstitute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, GreeceShu-Hao ChangSystem Development Center, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCChih-Cheng ChangSystem Development Center, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCSong-Chu ChangSystem Development Center, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCChung-Chen ChenInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCMing‐Tang ChenInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Hilo, HI, USARyan ChilsonInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Hilo, HI, USATim C. ChuterEast Asian Observatory, Hilo, HI, USAJ. E. ConwayDepartment of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, SwedenG. CrewMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyJessica DempseyASTRON, Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsSven DornbuschMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyAaron FaberWestern University, London, Ontario, CanadaPer FribergEast Asian Observatory, Hilo, HI, USAJavier González-GarcíaObservatorio de Yebes, IGN, Yebes, SpainM. Gómez-GarridoObservatorio de Yebes, IGN, Yebes, SpainChih-Chiang HanInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCKuo-Chang HanSystem Development Center, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCYutaka HasegawaGraduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, JapanR. Herrero‐IllanaEuropean Southern Observatory, Santiago, ChileTeddy HuangInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCChih-Wei L. HuangInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCC. M. Violette ImpellizzeriNational Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, USAHomin JiangInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCH. JinchiElectronic Systems Research Division, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCTaehyun JungKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaJ. KallunkiMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto University, Kylmälä, FinlandPetri KirvesMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto University, Kylmälä, FinlandKimihiro KimuraJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, JapanJun Yi KoayInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCPatrick M. KochInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCC. KrämerInstitut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, Saint Martin d'Hères, FranceAlex KrausMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyDerek KuboInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Hilo, HI, USAC. Y. KuoDepartment of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROCChao-Te LiInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCL. C.-C. LinDepartment of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROCChing-Tang LiuInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCKuan-Yu LiuInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCWen-Ping LoDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCLi-Ming LuSystem Development Center, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROCNicholas R. MacDonaldMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyPierre Martin-CocherInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCHugo MessiasJoint ALMA Observatory, Santiago, ChileZheng Meyer-ZhaoInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCAnthony H. MinterDhanya G. NairAstronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, ChileHiroaki NishiokaInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCTimothy NortonCenter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USAGeorge NystromInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Hilo, HI, USAHideo OgawaGraduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
2023en
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Abstract The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation 1,2 . Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole 3 . Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of $${8.4}_{-1.1}^{+0.5}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8.4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.
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