Testing Hadronic Interactions at Ultrahigh Energies with Air Showers Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
A. AabUniversität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik—Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, GermanyP. AbreuLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, PortugalM. AgliettaINFN, Sezione di Torino, ItalyE. J. AhnFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USAI. Al SamaraiSorbonne UniversitéI. F. M. AlbuquerqueUniversidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física, São Paulo, BrazilI. AllekotteBariloche Atomic CentreJ.D. AllenNew York University, New York, New York, USAP. AllisonOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAA. AlmelaUniversidad Tecnológica Nacional—Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, ArgentinaJ. Alvarez CastilloUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MexicoJaime Álvarez-MuñizUniversidad de Santiago de Compostela, SpainM. AmbrosioINFN, Sezione di Napoli, ItalyGioacchino Alex AnastasiLuis A. AnchordoquiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USABelén AndradaComisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaS. AndringaLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, PortugalC. AramoINFN, Sezione di Napoli, ItalyF. ArquerosUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainN. ArseneUniversity of Bucharest, Physics Department, RomaniaH. AsoreyBariloche Atomic CentreP. AssisLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, PortugalJ. AublinLaboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes ÉnergiesG. ÁvilaObservatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, ArgentinaAlina Mihaela BadescuUniversity Politehnica of Bucharest, RomaniaC. BausKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), GermanyJ. J. BeattyOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAK. BeckerBergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, GermanyJose A. BellidoUniversity of Adelaide, AustraliaCorinne BératLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, FranceM. E. BertainaINFN, Sezione di Torino, ItalyX. BertouCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), ArgentinaPeter L. BiermannMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyP. BilloirSorbonne UniversitéJonathan BiteauInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesS. G. BlaessUniversity of Adelaide, AustraliaA. BlancoLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, PortugalJiří BlažekInstitute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicC. BleveINFN, Sezione di Lecce, ItalyH. BlümerKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), GermanyM. BoháčováInstitute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicDenise BoncioliUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, BrazilC. BonifaziUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, BrazilNataliia BorodaiAna Martina BottiKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), GermanyJ. BrackColorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USAI. M. Brancus"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RomaniaT. BretzRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, GermanyA. BridgemanKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), GermanyF. L. BriechleRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, GermanyP. BuchholzUniversität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, GermanyA. BuenoUniversidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., SpainS. BuitinkInstitute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, NetherlandsMario BuscemiINFN, Sezione di Catania, ItalyK. S. Caballero‐MoraUniversidad Autónoma de Chiapas, MexicoB. CaccianigaINFN, Sezione di Milano, ItalyLorenzo CaccianigaLaboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes ÉnergiesA. CancioUniversidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, ArgentinaF. CanforaInstitute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, NetherlandsL. CarameteInstitute of Space Science, RomaniaR. CarusoUniversità di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, ItalyA. CastellinaINFN, Sezione di Torino, ItalyG. CataldiINFN, Sezione di Lecce, ItalyLorenzo CazonLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, PortugalR. CesterUniversità Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, ItalyA. G. ChavezUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, MexicoA. ChiavassaUniversità Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, ItalyC. DobrigkeitUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), BrazilJ. C. Chirinos DiazMichigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USAJ. ChudobaInstitute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicR. W. ClayUniversity of Adelaide, AustraliaRoberta ColalilloINFN, Sezione di Napoli, ItalyAlan ColemanPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAL. CollicaINFN, Sezione di Torino, ItalyM. R. ColucciaINFN, Sezione di Lecce, ItalyR. ConceiçãoLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, PortugalF. ContrerasObservatorio Pierre Auger, ArgentinaM. J. CooperUniversity of Adelaide, AustraliaS. CoutuPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAC. E. CovaultCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USAJ. CroninUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USAR. DallierObservatoire Radioastronomique de NançayS. D’AmicoUniversità del Salento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, ItalyB. DanielUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), BrazilS. DassoInstituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), ArgentinaK. DaumillerKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), GermanyB. R. DawsonUniversity of Adelaide, AustraliaR. M. de AlmeidaUniversidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilS. J. de JongNationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), NetherlandsG. De MauroInstitute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, NetherlandsJ. R. T. de Mello NetoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, BrazilI. De MitriINFN, Sezione di Lecce, ItalyJaime de OliveiraUniversidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilV. de SouzaUniversidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, BrazilJ. DebatinKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), GermanyL. del PeralUniversidad de Alcalá de Henares, SpainO. DelignyUniversité Paris-SaclayN. DhitalMichigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USAC. Di GiulioUniversità di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, ItalyA. di MatteoINFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy
2016en
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ABI
Annotatsiya
Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers probe particle physics at energies beyond the reach of accelerators. Here we introduce a new method to test hadronic interaction models without relying on the absolute energy calibration, and apply it to events with primary energy 6-16 EeV (E_{CM}=110-170 TeV), whose longitudinal development and lateral distribution were simultaneously measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The average hadronic shower is 1.33±0.16 (1.61±0.21) times larger than predicted using the leading LHC-tuned models EPOS-LHC (QGSJetII-04), with a corresponding excess of muons.
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