Reconstruction of events recorded with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
A. AabIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsP. AbreuLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas – LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico – IST, Universidade de Lisboa – UL, Lisboa, PortugalM. AgliettaINFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, ItalyJ.M. AlburyUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaI. AllekotteCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaA. AlmelaUniversidad Tecnológica Nacional – Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaJ. Alvarez CastilloUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., MéxicoJ. Alvarez-MuñizInstituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainR. Alves BatistaIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsG.A. AnastasiUniversità Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, ItalyL. AnchordoquiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, U.S.AB. AndradaNational University of General San MartínS. AndringaLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas – LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico – IST, Universidade de Lisboa – UL, Lisboa, PortugalC. AramoINFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, ItalyP.R. Araújo FerreiraRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, GermanyH. AsoreyNational University of General San MartínP. AssisLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas – LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico – IST, Universidade de Lisboa – UL, Lisboa, PortugalG. AvilaObservatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, ArgentinaA.M. BadescuUniversity Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, RomaniaA. BakalovaInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicA. Balaceanu“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, RomaniaF. BarbatoUniversità di Napoli “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Napoli, ItalyR.J. Barreira LuzLIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle PhysicsK.H. BeckerBergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, GermanyJ.A. BellidoUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaC. BeratUniversité Grenoble AlpesM.E. BertainaUniversità Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, ItalyX. BertouCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaP.L. BiermannMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyP. BilloirSorbonne UniversitéT. BisterRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, GermanyJ. BiteauUniversité Paris-SaclayA. BlancoLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas – LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico – IST, Universidade de Lisboa – UL, Lisboa, PortugalJ. BlazekInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicC. BleveUniversité Grenoble AlpesM. BoháčováInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicD. BoncioliUniversità dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, ItalyC. BonifaziUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilL. Bonneau ArbeletcheUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, BrazilN. BorodaiInstitute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, PolandA.M. BottiNational University of General San MartínJ. BrackColorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.AT. BretzRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, GermanyA. BridgemanKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GermanyF.L. BriechleRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, GermanyP. BuchholzUniversität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik – Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, GermanyA. BuenoUniversidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, SpainS. BuitinkVrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, BelgiumM. BuscemiUniversità di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, ItalyK.S. Caballero-MoraUniversidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, MéxicoL. CaccianigaUniversità di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, ItalyL. CalcagniIFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, ArgentinaA. CancioNational University of General San MartínF. CanforaNationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsI. CaracasBergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, GermanyJ.M. CarcellerUniversidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, SpainR. CarusoUniversità di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, ItalyA. CastellinaOsservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, ItalyF. CatalaniUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, BrazilG. CataldiINFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, ItalyL. CazonLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas – LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico – IST, Universidade de Lisboa – UL, Lisboa, PortugalM. CerdaObservatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, ArgentinaJ.A. ChinellatoUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilK. ChoiInstituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainJ. ChudobaInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicL. ChytkaPalacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech RepublicR.W. ClayUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaA.C. Cobos CeruttiNational University of General San MartínR. ColalilloUniversità di Napoli “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Napoli, ItalyA. ColemanUniversity of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, U.S.AM.R. ColucciaUniversità del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, ItalyR. ConceiçãoLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas – LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico – IST, Universidade de Lisboa – UL, Lisboa, PortugalA. CondorelliGran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, ItalyG. ConsolatiPolitecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali , Milano, ItalyF. ContrerasObservatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, ArgentinaF. ConvengaINFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, ItalyC.E. CovaultCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, U.S.AS. DassoInstituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaK. DaumillerKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GermanyB.R. DawsonUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaJ.A. DayUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaR.M. de AlmeidaUniversidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, BrazilJ. de JesúsInstituto de Tecnologías en Detección y AstropartículasS.J. de JongNationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsG. De MauroNationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsJ.R.T. de Mello NetoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilI. De MitriINFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), ItalyJ. de OliveiraUniversidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, BrazilD. de Oliveira FrancoUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilV. de SouzaUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, BrazilE. De VitoINFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, ItalyJ. DebatinKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, GermanyM. del RíoObservatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, ArgentinaO. DelignyInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesN. DhitalInstitute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, PolandA. Di MatteoINFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, ItalyM.L. Díaz CastroUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilC. DobrigkeitUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilJ.C. D'OlivoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., MéxicoQ. DorostiUniversität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik – Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
2020en
ABI
Annotatsiya
Cosmic rays arriving at Earth collide with the upper parts of the atmosphere, thereby \ninducing extensive air showers. When secondary particles from the cascade arrive at the ground, \nthey are measured by surface detector arrays. We describe the methods applied to the measurements \nof the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct events with zenith angles \nless than 60 using the timing and signal information recorded using the water-Cherenkov detector \nstations. In addition, we assess the accuracy of these methods in reconstructing the arrival directions \nof the primary cosmic ray particles and the sizes of the induced showers.
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