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Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy

Qiang LüDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, ChinaDongquan KouDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, ChinaShenghan LouDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, ChinaMilad AshrafizadehDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, ChinaAmir Reza ArefXsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USAIsrael CañadasBlood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USAYu TianSchool of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, USAXiaojia NiuDepartment of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, CanadaYuzhuo WangDepartment of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, CanadaPedram TorabianCumming School of Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, CanadaLingzhi WangDepartment of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, SingaporeGautam SethiDepartment of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore. [email protected]Vinay TergaonkarInstitute of Molecular and Cell BiologyFranklin R. TayAugusta UniversityZhennan YuanDepartment of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China. [email protected]Peng HanDepartment of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China

2024en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical delivery of immunomodulatory compounds. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising macrophages, fibroblasts, and immune cells, plays a crucial role in immune response modulation. Nanoparticles, engineered to reshape the TME, have shown promising results in enhancing immunotherapy by facilitating targeted delivery and immune modulation. These nanoparticles can suppress fibroblast activation, promote M1 macrophage polarization, aid dendritic cell maturation, and encourage T cell infiltration. Biomimetic nanoparticles further enhance immunotherapy by increasing the internalization of immunomodulatory agents in immune cells such as dendritic cells. Moreover, exosomes, whether naturally secreted by cells in the body or bioengineered, have been explored to regulate the TME and immune-related cells to affect cancer immunotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, activated by pH, redox, and light conditions, exhibit the potential to accelerate immunotherapy. The co-application of nanoparticles with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity. With their ability to induce long-term immunity, nanoarchitectures are promising structures in vaccine development. This review underscores the critical role of nanoparticles in overcoming current challenges and driving the advancement of cancer immunotherapy and TME modification.

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DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01535-8

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