X-shooter, the new wide band intermediate resolution spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope
J. VernetEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyH. DekkerEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyS. D’OdoricoEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyL. KaperAstronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsP. KjærgaardF. HammerGalaxies, Etoiles, Physique et InstrumentationS. RandichINAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, ItaliaF. M. ZerbiINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, ItalyP. GrootRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJ. HjorthIsabelle GuinouardGalaxies, Etoiles, Physique et InstrumentationR. NavarroASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherandsT. AdolfseRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsP. AlbersRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJ.-P. AmansGalaxies, Etoiles, Physique et InstrumentationJesper AndersenM. I. AndersenPierre BinétruyLaboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FrancePaul BristowEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyR. CastilloEuropean Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107 Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile 19, ChileF. ChemlaGalaxies, Etoiles, Physique et InstrumentationL. ChristensenTechnical University of MunichP. ConconiINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, ItalyRalf ConzelmannEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyJS DamRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsVincenzo De CaprioINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyA. de Ugarte PostigoB. DélabreEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyP. Di MarcantonioINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyM. DowningEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyEddy ElswijkNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyGert FingerEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyGerhard W. FischerEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyH. FloresGalaxies, Etoiles, Physique et InstrumentationP. FrançoisGEPI – Observatoire de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceP. GoldoniLaboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceL. GuglielmiLaboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceR. HaigronGalaxies, Etoiles, Physique et InstrumentationHiddo HanenburgASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherandsInge HendriksRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsM. HorrobinPhysikalisches Institut Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, GermanyD. HorvilleGEPI – Observatoire de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceNiels Christian JessenDTU Space, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkF. KerberEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyL. KernEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyM. KiekebuschEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyPawel KleszczNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyJens KlougartJan KragtASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherandsH. H. LarsenJ. L. LizonEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyC. LucuixEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyV. MainieriEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyR. ManuputyTechnologie Centrum FNWI, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsC. MartayanEuropean Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107 Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile 19, ChileE. MasonSpace Telescope Science Institute, I3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USARuben MazzoleniINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, ItalyNiels MichaelsenA. ModiglianiEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyS. MoehlerEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyP. MøllerEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyA. N. SørensenP. NørregaardCéline PérouxLaboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-Marseille & CNRS, 38, rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, FranceF. PatatEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyEduardo PeñaEuropean Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107 Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile 19, ChileJ. PragtNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyClaudio ReineroEuropean Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107 Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile 19, ChileF. RigalNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyMarco RivaINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, ItalyR. RoelfsemaNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyF. RoyerGEPI – Observatoire de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceG. G. SaccoChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, 14623 Rochester, USAP. SantinINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyTon SchoenmakerASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherandsP. SpanòINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, ItalyE. SweersRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsRik ter HorstASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherandsMatteo TintoriN. TrompNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyPieter van DaelRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsHarriet van der VlietRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsL. VenemaNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyM. VidaliJ. VintherEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyPascal VolaLaboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-Marseille & CNRS, 38, rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, FranceR. WintersRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDennis W. WistisenGerben WulterkensRadboud Univ. Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsA. ZaccheiINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
2011en
ABI
Annotatsiya
X-shooter is the first 2nd generation instrument of the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT). It is a very efficient, single-target, intermediate-resolution spectrograph that was installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT2 in 2009. The instrument covers, in a single exposure, the spectral range from 300 to 2500 nm. It is designed to maximize the sensitivity in this spectral range through dichroic splitting in three arms with optimized optics, coatings, dispersive elements and detectors. It operates at intermediate spectral resolution (R ~ 4000−17 000, depending on wavelength and slit width) with fixed échelle spectral format (prism cross-dispersers) in the three arms. It includes a 1.8″ × 4″ integral field unit as an alternative to the 11′′ long slits. A dedicated data reduction package delivers fully calibrated two-dimensional and extracted spectra over the full wavelength range. We describe the main characteristics of the instrument and present its performance as measured during commissioning, science verification and the first months of science operations.
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