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The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation

Cynthia A. RandlesGlobal Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MarylandArlindo da SilvaGlobal Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MarylandVirginie BuchardGoddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research/Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MarylandPeter R. ColarcoAtmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MarylandAnton DarmenovGlobal Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MarylandRavi GovindarajuScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MarylandA. SmirnovScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MarylandB. N. HolbenNASA Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MarylandR. A. FerrareNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VirginiaJ. W. HairNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VirginiaY. ShinozukaNASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology, Moffett Field, CaliforniaConnor FlynnPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington

2017en

ABI

Annotatsiya

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) updates NASA's previous satellite era (1980 - onward) reanalysis system to include additional observations and improvements to the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Earth system model. As a major step towards a full Integrated Earth Systems Analysis (IESA), in addition to meteorological observations, MERRA-2 now includes assimilation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from various ground- and space-based remote sensing platforms. Here, in the first of a pair of studies, we document the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation, including a description of the prognostic model (GEOS-5 coupled to the GOCART aerosol module), aerosol emissions, and the quality control of ingested observations. We provide initial validation and evaluation of the analyzed AOD fields using independent observations from ground, aircraft, and shipborne instruments. We demonstrate the positive impact of the AOD assimilation on simulated aerosols by comparing MERRA-2 aerosol fields to an identical control simulation that does not include AOD assimilation. Having shown the AOD evaluation, we take a first look at aerosol-climate interactions by examining the shortwave, clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect. In our companion paper, we evaluate and validate available MERRA-2 aerosol properties not directly impacted by the AOD assimilation (e.g. aerosol vertical distribution and absorption). Importantly, while highlighting the skill of the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation products, both studies point out caveats that must be considered when using this new reanalysis product for future studies of aerosols and their interactions with weather and climate.

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DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0609.1

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