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Adaptation Features of Gentiana tianschanica Rupr. Populations to Environmental Factors in Kazakhstan

Бекзат ТыныбековFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , 050040 , KazakhstanMoldir ImanaliyevaFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , 050040 , KazakhstanAskhat KuatbayevFaculty of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment , S. Seifullin Kazakh Grotechnical Research University , Astana , 010011 , KazakhstanGulmira SatybaldiyevaFaculty of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment , S. Seifullin Kazakh Grotechnical Research University , Astana , 010011 , KazakhstanElmira BoribayDepartment of Ecology , Narxoz University , Almaty , 050040 , KazakhstanКанат КулымбетDepartment of Soil Ecology , Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U.U. Uspanov , Almaty , 050060 , KazakhstanZoya UmirbayevaNurgul MamytovaFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , 050040 , KazakhstanNazerke BekbossynFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , 050040 , KazakhstanUssen KurmanbayDepartment of Chemistry and Biology , Faculty of Pedagogical and Natural Sciences , Zh. Tashenev University , Shymkent , 160000 , KazakhstanSaltanat NazarbekovaFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , 050040 , KazakhstanBagila AbdullayevaFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , 050040 , KazakhstanAkmaral NurmahanovaFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , 050040 , Kazakhstan

2024en

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Litsenziya: cc-by

ABI

Annotatsiya

The study investigates the current state, floristic composition, and ecological characteristics of Gentiana tianschanica populations in the Ile-Alatau region, part of the Ile-Alatau National Park, Kazakhstan.Gentiana L., an ancient boreal genus, includes 31 species in Kazakhstan, such as the endemic Gentiana dschungarica.Known for medicinal uses, especially for gastrointestinal and urogenital disorders, interest in gentians has risen for ornamental and pharmacological applications.Nine natural populations of G. tianschanica were studied in diverse ecological and phytocoenotic conditions of the Ile-Alatau mountains.Soil analyses revealed significant differences in the physicochemical properties of the species' habitats.In the Kimasar Gorge, mountain-meadow chestnut soils with a light loamy texture were observed, while the Big Almaty Gorge featured dark chestnut soils rich in humus (7.36-18.78%)and nutrients such as nitrogen (120.4-140.0mg/kg), phosphorus (58-98 mg/kg), and potassium (470-1000 mg/kg).These findings emphasize the species 'adaptation to varying altitudinal and climatic zones.Phytochemical analysis showed G. tianschanica is rich in bioactive compounds, including phenolics, bitter glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids.Total phenol content reached 1567.17-9008.20mg of gallic acid/100 g, with the highest levels in leaves.Flavonoids (up to 1358.25 mg catechin/100 g) and vitamin C (up to 244.7 mg/100 g) were significant.Syringic acid (1685.8mg/100 g), quercetin (317.4 mg/100 g), and chlorogenic acid (237.5 mg/100 g) highlighted antioxidant and antiinflammatory potential.The antioxidant activity, particularly in leaves, reached 530.30 mg Trolox/100 g.Anthropogenic threats, including overgrazing and habitat disturbance, have led to declining populations, necessitating conservation strategies like habitat monitoring, protective regimes, and sustainable medicinal plant use.This study underscores the ecological and phytochemical significance of G. tianschanica, which is vital for biodiversity conservation and pharmaceutical development.

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DOI: 10.30919/esee1361

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