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Variable Ionized Disk Winds in MAXI J1803−298 Revealed by NICER

Zuobin ZhangCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China; [email protected]Cosimo BambiSchool of Natural Sciences and Humanities, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent 100007, UzbekistanH. LiuInstitut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, GermanyJiachen JiangInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKFangzheng ShiShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of ChinaYuexin ZhangKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. BOX 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsA. J. YoungSchool of Physics, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UKJohn A. TomsickSpace Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USABenjamin M. CoughenourUniversity of California, BerkeleyMenglei ZhouInstitut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
2024en
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ABI

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Abstract We present the results from the NICER observation data of MAXI J1803−298 across the entire 2021 outburst. In the intermediate and soft state, we detect significant absorption lines at ∼7.0 and ∼6.7 keV, arising from X-ray disk winds outflowing with a velocity of hundreds of km s −1 along our line of sight. The fitting results from the photoionized model suggest that the winds are driven by thermal pressure and the mass-loss rate is low. We find a clear transition for iron from predominantly H-like to predominantly He-like during the intermediate-to-soft state transition. Our results indicate this transition for iron is caused by the evolution of the illuminating spectrum and the slow change of the geometric properties of the disk winds together. The coexistence of disk winds and quasiperiodic oscillation features in the intermediate state is also reported. Our study makes MAXI J1803−298 the first source in which a transition from optical winds to X-ray winds is detected, offering new insights into the evolution of disk winds across an entire outburst and long-term coupling of accretion disks and mass outflows around accreting black holes.

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