Synthesis of an Anionic Surfactant Based on Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene and Investigation of Its Physicochemical Properties

This study focuses on the synthesis of an anionic surfactant based on low-molecular-weight polyethylene and the investigation of its physicochemical properties. Low-molecular-weight polyethylene was chemically modified through a sulfonation reaction in the presence of sodium sulfite. The synthesized product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to confirm the formation of sulfonate functional groups. The effects of temperature, reaction time, and polymer concentration on the modification process were investigated. The optimum synthesis conditions were obtained using 25% low-molecular-weight polyethylene in the presence of sodium sulfite at 90 °C for 90 minutes. FTIR analysis revealed characteristic absorption bands at 1030–1180 cm⁻¹ corresponding to sulfonate groups. Increasing surfactant concentration resulted in reduced surface tension and improved foam stability. The synthesized anionic surfactant demonstrated favorable physicochemical and surface-active properties, indicating its potential application in dispersed systems and various industrial processes.

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