Daily Variations of Electrotelluric Fields and Electromagnetic Impulses at the Yangibozor Experimental Observatory

This study analyzes the daily variations of electrotelluric potentials (ETP) and electromagnetic impulses (EMI) recorded at the Yangibozor Experimental Observatory during 2025. The results show that ETP and EMI signal amplitudes generally increase after sunrise, reach their maximum values between approximately 10:00 and 15:00 local time, and gradually decrease during the evening and nighttime. These variations are mainly associated with changes in solar radiation, ionospheric ionization, atmospheric electrical activity, and geomagnetic conditions. The obtained results were evaluated using time-series analysis, demonstrating that the daily dynamics of the Earth's electrical field follow stable temporal patterns. The observed variations reflect the complex interactions of natural geophysical processes.In addition, several anomalous fluctuations were observed in temporal proximity to regional seismic events. However, the available data are insufficient to identify these anomalies as reliable earthquake precursors. The findings contribute to a better understanding of Earth-ionosphere electrical interactions and provide a valuable scientific basis for long-term geophysical monitoring, environmental studies, and future research on seismo-electromagnetic processes.

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