Real-Time Scheduling Coordination in Intelligent Sea-Rail Intermodal Transport Systems: A Scenario-Based Analysis of a Seaport-Dry Port Corridor

The sea-rail intermodal transport is an important element of the intelligent multimodal freight systems, especially in the seaport-dry port corridor, where the synchronization of maritime arrivals, terminal activities, customs clearance, and railway departures is critical for the efficiency of the corridor. In reality, fragmented scheduling, limited information visibility, and poor cross-actor coordination can contribute to extended container dwell times, reduced rail loading efficiency, irregular yard turnaround, and increased logistics costs. This study examines real-time scheduling coordination in sea-rail intermodal transport and proposes a scenario-based analytical framework to evaluate three modes of scheduling coordination—conventional scheduling, information-assisted coordination, and real-time integrated scheduling. Taking the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port as an example, the analysis is set up by using operational parameters based on port statistics, railway service schedules, and logistics reports. Rail loading rate, average container dwell time, logistics cost per TEU, total transport time, and yard turnover efficiency are the indicators used to assess system performance. The results indicate that as the degree of integration of the scheduling increases, the performance of the multimodal system increases significantly. The real-time integrated scenario is able to lower the average container dwell time, increase rail loading efficiency, decrease logistics costs, and increase corridor throughput, when compared with conventional scheduling. The results indicate that intelligent transport performance in sea-rail systems is not only related to the capacity of the infrastructure system, but also to digital visibility, synchronization of the timetable, and coordination of operational decision-making. The study has value by modeling the sea-rail scheduling coordination as an intelligent multimodal transport management problem and provides implications for enhancing digital coordination and real-time decision support under the Maritime Silk Road.

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