Investigation of Intercomponent Interactions in Chlorate–Chloride Systems Applied as Defoliants

In order to investigate defoliant formulations used for the cultivation of agricultural crops and the improvement of their productivity, the physicochemical properties and intercomponent interactions in a multicomponent system consisting of 84.3% [Ca(ClO 3 ) 2 + Mg(ClO 3 ) 2 ], 15.7% [CaCl 2 + MgCl 2 ], CH 3 COOH•NH 2 C 2 H 4 OH, and water were studied by the visual-polythermal method. The experiments were carried out over the temperature range −52.8°C to −5.0°C, enabling determination of phase equilibria and phase composition. Based on the obtained experimental data, a phase diagram was constructed, and the crystallization regions of ice, chlorate-chloride salts, acetic acid, and CH 3 COOH•NH 2 C 2 H 2 OH were identified. The results revealed the formation of a new solid phase containing Mg(OH)ClO 3 due to chemical interactions among the system components. Analysis of the phase equilibria provided valuable information on crystallization processes, conditions for the formation of new compounds, and the regularities governing intercomponent interactions. The obtained findings expand the current understanding of the structure and physicochemical behavior of chlorate-chloride systems and provide a scientific basis for the development of physiologically active compositions and effective defoliant formulations.

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