Architecture of verifiable environmental monitoring based on simulation modeling of smart dust sensor systems

The article focuses on designing secure sensor systems for verifiable monitoring of technogenic impacts on the environment. It examines swarms of ultra-miniaturized MEMS nodes capable of enabling scalable environmental monitoring networks. At the same time, such networks are vulnerable to telemetry spoofing, sensor-node compromise, cyber-physical interference, and electromagnetic disturbances, which necessitate the formalization of trust and data-veracity mechanisms. A conceptual architecture for multi-layer trusted interaction is proposed. At the lower layer, cryptographic node identity binding and lightweight digital signing of measurements are implemented directly on the sensor. At the swarm layer, readings are mutually validated and reconciled using distributed consensus procedures. At the upper layer, gateways integrate the sensor infrastructure with a distributed ledger, ensuring record immutability, provenance traceability, and the ability to verify monitoring results retrospectively. Simulation-based evaluation indicates that the proposed scheme improves the veracity of environmental data, reduces the likelihood of falsification, and enhances network resilience to disruptive impacts.

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