The role of bacterial exopolysaccharides in microbiological calcification

Microbiological calcification is a biologically mediated process in which microorganisms promote the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) through their metabolic activities and interactions with their surrounding environment. Among the microbial factors involved, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) play an important role in regulating mineral nucleation, crystal growth, and calcium carbonate deposition. These extracellular polymers contain functional groups capable of binding calcium ions, providing nucleation sites, and creating localized microenvironments favorable for biomineralization. Furthermore, EPS contribute to bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and the stabilization of mineral structures. Understanding the relationship between EPS production and microbiological calcification is essential for developing sustainable biotechnological applications, including self-healing concrete, soil stabilization, and the remediation of porous materials. This review summarizes the principal mechanisms through which bacterial EPS influence calcium carbonate precipitation and discusses their potential applications and current research challenges.

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