Cervicovaginal dysbiosis as a cofactor of persistent human papillomavirus infection and progression of cervical neoplasia

Studies published in 2011–2025 on the role of cervicovaginal dysbiosis in the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were analysed. The Lactobacillus-depleted community state CST IV, dominated by anaerobic bacteria, increases the odds of HPV detection, and its share rises from 10% in normal cytology to 40% in invasive cancer. Assessment of the microbiocenosis in HPV-positive women may improve risk stratification.

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