Quantum theory of the nonlinear electrical conductivity of point contacts

A theory of the nonlinear electrical conductivity of small point contacts, whose dimension a is of the order of or smaller than the de Broglie wavelength λB of the current carriers is constructed. It is shown that when l≫λB (l is the mean-free path length of the carriers) point-contact (PC) spectroscopy of the electron–phonon interaction is possible even under the conditions of quantum charge transfer in the contact. The intensity of the PC spectra for a≲λB is independent of the size of the contact a and is proportional to the small parameter λB/le−ph. The form and intensity of the peaks in the second derivative of the current–voltage characteristic of the point contact, formed by the interaction of the current carriers with different branches of the lattice vibrations, are calculated.

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