Ecological evaluation of herbicide application in forest cultivation

This literature review is devoted to the issue of the effect of herbicides on the main components of the environment.The use of modern herbicides in forest cultivation remains the most promising method to provide optimal conditions for the growth and development of forest tree species by suppressing unwanted herbaceous and tree-shrub vegetation.This method is used at almost all stages of forest cultivation -in forest nurseries and greenhouse complexes, in forest cultures, in mixed deciduous-coniferous young stands, as well as in maturing and mature forest stands.Despite the low toxicity and relative safety of currently used herbicides, in some cases there is a risk of their negative impact on environmental components both directly during the application and with the possible accumulation of them or their metabolites in plants, soil and water.Over the years, extensive factual material has been accumulated that allows a fairly objective assessment of this impact.An analysis of the publications devoted to the environmental aspects of the use of herbicides both in crop production and in forestry allows us to conclude that when using herbicides in accordance with the developed regulations (norms and terms of application, frequency of treatments, equipment used, etc.) the risk of negative consequences for the environment is minimal.The paper discusses the consequences of the use of a number of herbicides of the sulfonylurea group (sulfometuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl), imidazolinones (imazapyr) and organophosphorus compounds (glyphosate derivatives), which are currently approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation.

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