PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT FEATURES OF NASAL BLEEDING

Epistaxis (i.e. nosebleed) is a common otolaryngological emergency; however, it is rarely lifethreatening, and most minor nosebleeds stop on their own or with medical supervision. However, cases of recurrent nosebleeds should be checked by an otolaryngologist and severe nosebleeds should be referred to the emergency department to avoid adverse consequences, including hypovolemic shock or death. This article reviews current advances in our understanding of nosebleeds as well as updated treatment algorithms to help clinicians optimize outcomes.

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