Congenital Defects of the Central Nervous System

Congenital malformations represent the most important medical and social problem.The relevance of their study is due to the significant proportion of this pathology in the structure of infant, perinatal mortality and childhood disability [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].The population frequency of congenital malformations according to the WHO Expert Committee varies in different countries from 2.7 to 16.3%, averaging 4-6%.Neural tube defects occupy one of the leading places among all detected human congenital anomalies -10-30% [9][10][11][12][13].The true frequency of malformations, including those of the central nervous system, remains unspecified, this is due to the difficulties of diagnosis and different approaches to their registration.Therefore, one of the important tasks of medicine is the objectification of the collection, accounting of information and verification of the data obtained.Malformations of the central nervous system represent an extensive polyetiological group of disorders of early and late ontogenesis.In most cases, it is possible to establish the multifactorial nature of congenital anomalies.In this regard, it remains relevant to search for the most informative risk factors for their formation, which allow predicting the likelihood of this pathology and planning preventive measures to prevent the birth of children with congenital defects [14,15,16].Various combined actions of many factors can act as leading causes.It has been proven that a significant contribution to the occurrence of congenital malformations in children is made by the initial state of health of the parents, the adverse effects of the environment, infections, and hereditary burden [16][17][18][19][20][21].Within the framework of the national monitoring program for congenital malformations, in recent years, information has begun to appear on the frequency and structure of malformations in various regions of Uzbekistan, but the results of studies presented on this issue in the literature are few and contradictory.There is not enough information regarding the outcomes of congenital malformations of the central nervous system, the characteristics of the course and frequency of detection of the main neurological syndromes, and the results of instrumental examination of children.There is no single point of view regarding the use of complex diagnostics of CNS defects in the prenatal and postnatal periods [22][23][24][25].Thus, the need for clinical and epidemiological studies, the objective difficulties in predicting and diagnosing congenital malformations of the CNS, as well as the lack of reliable information on perinatal outcomes, the course and follow-up of children with neural tube defects, served as the basis for writing this review.1. Mamatkulovich M. A., Abdukholikovich A. M. Correlation of clinical signs with the outcome of traumatic brain injury and their prognostic value //European science review.-2019.-.11

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