Single Lung Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Hydatid disease or echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The lungs are the second most commonly affected organ after the liver. Intrathoracic and extrapulmonary hydatid disease can affect the pleura, mediastinum, heart, diaphragm, and chest wall. The unusual location or complications of thoracic hydatid disease can present both a diagnostic problem and a therapeutic and surgical problem. We present results of a case of multilocular thoracic hydatid disease complicated by aortic wall erosion and cystic fistula in a 23-year-old patient who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the 4th day after emergency pneumonectomy. The surgery was carried out under the conditions of the auxiliary artificial circulation. This case represented a serious clinical situation with the highest risk to life. The need for immediate respiratory support was due to the development of severe respiratory failure, and the presence of direct and indirect harmful factors of ARDS. The correct choice of modes and techniques of mechanical ventilation resulted in significant and sustained improvement in gas exchange parameters without hemodynamic disorders with a further favorable outcome.

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