Formation of Waveguide Layers on the Surface of K8 Glass Produced by Thermoradiation Ion Exchange

The low-temperature heat treatment of K8 glass is carried out at temperatures of 350–500°C in alkaline melts of NaNO3 and CsNO3 salts in the field of gamma radiation from the 60Co source at the dose rate of 3000 R/s and also outside the field. Under the influence of thermoradiation treatment due to the $${\text{Na}}_{{{\text{glass}}}}^{ + }$$ ↔ $${\text{Cs}}_{{{\text{melt}}}}^{ + }$$ ion-exchange diffusion, mechanical compressive stresses are created in the surface layer of the glass, which lead to the formation of a waveguide layer of the given thickness and an increase in the refractive index (RI) increment, the number of waveguide modes, and the depth of the waveguide layer.

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