Effect of Laser Patterned Microcoagulation on Keratinized Mucosa Width and Gingival Thickness Around Dental Implants

Introduction: Although there is no consensus on the influence of sufficient keratinized mucosa width (KMW) on the success of dental implantation, the majority of practitioners recommend achieving at least 2 mm KMW in the peri-implant zone. Additional trauma and specific complications of tissue augmentation techniques require the development of less invasive methods of increasing KMW. Previous studies report on the possibility of using diode lasers for this purpose. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of laser patterned microcoagulation (LPM) on values of peri-implant KMW, gingival thickness (GTH), and microcirculation. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 22 patients with a total of 48 sites of insufficient KMW. A total of four LPM sessions were performed on the DIOMAX® (KLS MartinGroup, Tuttlingen, Germany) 1550 nm diode laser. Microcirculation parameters were evaluated using laser doppler flowmetry (LDF). The values were obtained at the initial examination and two weeks after each LPM session. Results: Measurements demonstrated a gradual increase of KMW (2.21 ± 0.17 mm) and GTH (1.36 ± 0.21 mm) under the effect of LPM sessions (p<0.05). In addition, the manipulations had a positive influence on the local hemodynamics and resulted in improved blood supply. Conclusion: Within the study limitations, the data showed that LPM could be applied to achieve a sufficient KMW value without additional soft tissue augmentation. Also, the effect of gingiva thickening can expand the area of LPM application and be the basis for new clinical studies.

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