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XLSSC 122 caught in the act of growing up

Joshiwa van MarrewijkEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO) , Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 , Garching 85748 , GermanyLuca Di MascoloAmanjit GillDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , 33-207 Cambridge , MA 02139 , USANicholas BattagliaDepartment of Astronomy , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USAE. S. BattistelliSapienza -University of Rome -Physics department , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , ItalyJ. Richard BondCanadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics , University of Toronto , 60 St. George St. , Toronto , ON M5S 3H8 , CanadaMark J. DevlinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy , University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USAPeter DozeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers , The State Univer- sity of New Jersey , Piscataway , NJ 08854-8019 , USAJ. DunkleyDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences , Peyton Hall , Princeton Uni- versity , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USAKenda KnowlesCentre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies , Depart- ment of Physics and Electronics , Rhodes University , PO Box 94 , Makhanda 6140 , South AfricaAdam D. HincksDavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics , Uni- versity of Toronto , 50 St. George St , Toronto , ON M5S 3H4 , CanadaJohn P. HughesDepartment of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers , The State Univer- sity of New Jersey , Piscataway , NJ 08854-8019 , USAMatt HiltonWits Centre for Astrophysics , School of Physics , University of the Witwatersrand , Private Bag 3 , 2050 Johannesburg , South AfricaKavilan MoodleyAstrophysics Research Centre and theTony MroczkowskiEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO) , Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 , Garching 85748 , GermanySigurd NæssInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, NorwayBruce PartridgeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy , Haverford College , Haver- ford , PA 19041 , USAG. PoppingEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO) , Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 , Garching 85748 , GermanyCristobál SifónInstituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, ChileSuzanne T. StaggsJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics , Jadwin Hall , Princeton Uni- versity , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USAEdward J. WollackNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt , MD 20771 , USA

2024en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Context.How protoclusters evolved from sparse galaxy overdensities to mature galaxy clusters is still not well understood. In this context, detecting and characterizing the hot intracluster medium (ICM) at high redshifts (z ∼ 2) is key to understanding how the continuous accretion from the filamentary large-scale structure and the mergers along it impact the first phases of cluster formation. Aims.We study the dynamical state and morphology of thez = 1.98 galaxy cluster XLSSC 122 with high-resolution observations (≈5″) of the ICM through the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect. XLSSC 122 is the highest redshift optically confirmed galaxy cluster found in an unbiased, widefield survey. Methods.Via Bayesian forward modeling, we mapped the ICM on scales from the virial radius down to the core of the cluster. To constrain such a broad range of spatial scales, we employed a new technique that jointly forward-models parametric descriptions of the pressure distribution to interferometric ACA and ALMA observations and multiband imaging data from ACT. Results.We detect the SZ effect with 11σsignificance in the ALMA+ACA observations and find a flattened inner pressure profile that is consistent with a noncool core classification with a significance of ≥3σ. In contrast to the previous works, we find better agreement between the SZ effect signal and the X-ray emission as well as the cluster member distribution. Further, XLSSC 122 exhibits an excess of SZ flux in the south of the cluster where no X-ray emission is detected. By reconstructing the interferometric observations and modeling in theuv-plane, we obtain a tentative detection of an infalling group or filamentary-like structure in the southeast that is believed to boost and heat up the ICM while the density of the gas is still low. In addition to characterizing the dynamical state of the cluster, we provide an improved SZ mass estimateM500,c = 1.66−0.20+0.23 × 1014 M⊙. Conclusions.Altogether, the observations indicate that we see XLSSC 122 in a dynamic phase of cluster formation while a large reservoir of gas is already thermalized.

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DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202348213

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