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Recent Trends and Future Directions in 3D Printing of Biocompatible Polymers

Maryam AftabDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad 45520, PakistanSania IkramDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 46000, PakistanMuneeb UllahCollege of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geoumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaNiyamat KhanDepartment of Anatomy Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, UzbekistanMuhammad NaeemDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 46000, PakistanMuhammad Amir KhanDepartment of Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, 2A Yangi Turon Street, Fergana 150100, UzbekistanRakhmonov Bakhrombek Bakhtiyor o’g’liDepartment of Hospital Therapy, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, UzbekistanKamalova Sayyorakhon Salokhiddin QiziDepartment of Hospital Therapy, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, UzbekistanOribjonov Otabek Erkinjon UgliDepartment of Hospital Therapy, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, UzbekistanBekkulova Mokhigul AbdurasulovnaDepartment of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, UzbekistanOribjonova Khadisakhon Abdumutallib QiziDepartment of Hospital Therapy, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting using biocompatible polymers has emerged as a revolutionary technique in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These biopolymers mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and enhance cellular behavior. The current review presents recent advancements in additive manufacturing processes including Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and inkjet printing. It also explores the fundamentals of 3D printing and the properties of biocompatible polymers for 3D bioprinting. By mixing biopolymers, enhancing rheological characteristics, and adding bioactive components, further advancements have been made for organ transplantation, drug development, and tissue engineering. As research progresses, the potential for 3D bioprinting to fundamentally transform the healthcare system is becoming obvious and clear. However, the therapeutic potential of printed structures is hindered by issues such as material anisotropy, poor mechanical properties, and the need for more biocompatible and biodegradable architectures. Future research should concentrate on optimizing the 3D bioprinting process using sophisticated computational techniques, systematically examining the characteristics of biopolymers, customizing bioinks for different cell types, and exploring sustainable materials.

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