THE SEVERITY OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Objective: To assess the severity of cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). ± Design and method: The study included 266 patients of both sexes with grades I–III arterial hypertension (AH) according to the ESH classification (2023). The average age of the patients was 55.8±11.0 years, and the average duration of hypertension was 9.6±7.1 years. To evaluate cognitive function, patients were divided into two groups: Group I: Patients with hypertension and AF (n=155) Group II: Patients with hypertension without AF (n=111). Cognitive functions were assessed using neuropsychological tests: Mini-Cog test (clock drawing and word recall), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), A self-assessment questionnaire covering memory, attention, thinking, ability to handle daily tasks, and decision-making. Anxiety and depression levels were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results are presented as M±SD. Results: The cognitive function analysis showed lower test scores in Group I compared to Group II. For instance, the total Mini-Cog test score in Group I was 3.45±1.68, while in Group II it was 3.99±1.04 (p>0.05). The MoCA scale results also indicated better cognitive performance in Group II, with a total score of 24.19±2.95, compared to 19.2±4.85 in Group I (p<0.05). This suggests more severe cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension and AF. Specific cognitive functions such as abstraction, delayed recall, orientation, and attention were also superior in Group II. The HADS results revealed higher levels of anxiety and depression in Group I, with scores of 7.81±4.51 and 6.44±3.94, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions: The severity of cognitive impairment and anxiety-depressive disorders is more pronounced in patients with both AF and AH compared to hypertensive patients without AF.

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