Comparative analysis of comprehensive oral microbiota profiles in patients with periodontitis of varying severity

BACKGROUND: The oral cavity provides a favorable environment for the growth and metabolic activity of diverse microorganisms. This includes both beneficial symbiotic microorganisms and species capable of exerting pathogenic effects on the soft tissues of the periodontium, including certain members of the normal oral microbiota. AIM: This study aimed to determine the etiopathogenetic role and prevalence of major oral microbial inhabitants in patients with periodontitis and in healthy individuals from the control group. METHODS: The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the prevalence of various bacterial pathogens in the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis of varying severity and healthy individuals in the control group, and assessed their role in the etiology of periodontal diseases. RESULTS: Analysis of the oral mucosal and gingival microbiota using both traditional and advanced methods revealed that individuals with various inflammatory periodontal diseases more frequently exhibit alterations in the composition of the periodontal microbiome, including an increased abundance of periodontopathogenic bacteria and pathogenic coccal flora. CONCLUSION: The concomitant presence of red complex bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus appears to promote biofilm formation and increases the risk of exopolysaccharide matrix degradation, aligning with clinical features of periodontitis across different severity levels.

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