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UNVEILING LADA: PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS IN PORT SUDAN, SUDAN.

A Elebaid1Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Department, Shendi University, SudanMuhammad Khalid1Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Department, Shendi University, SudanAmira Saeed1Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Department, Shendi University, SudanHaris Osman2Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa University, Abu Dhabi, UAEAmany A Mostafa2Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa University, Abu Dhabi, UAEAmmar Abdelmola3Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi ArabiaElshazali Widaa Ali4Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi ArabiaAbdulrahman Algarni4Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi ArabiaMohamed Ismail5Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, UAEM Mahagoub6Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ibnsina University, SudanEzeldine K Abdalhabib7Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences- Al Qurayyat-Jouf University, Saudi ArabiaM Abdelhadi8SKMCA Laboratory, UAEF Khudoykulova9Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Traditional Medicine, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanA Alfeel10Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University

PubMedrepository2025en

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Annotatsiya

BACKGROUND: The intermediate type of diabetes, known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), has traits in common with both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Initial insulin independence leads to misdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes. AIM: This study sought to ascertain the prevalence and features of LADA in patients with type 2 diabetes in Port Sudan, Sudan. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2020 to January 2024 at the Osman Degna Hospital and Ahmed Hassan Diabetic Center, Port Sudan. A total of 250 T2DM patients were recruited: 150 insulin-requiring patients after years of diagnosis (study group) and 100 non-insulin-requiring patients (control group). Structured interviews were used to gather demographic and clinical information, and a fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) was used to quantify the blood levels of C-peptide, GAD-65A (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody), and IA-2A (Insulinoma-Associated Protein 2 Autoantibody) autoantibodies. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis, and p<0.05 was chosen as the significance level. RESULTS: 10.7% of patients with type 2 diabetes had LADA. Compared to the non-LADA group (1.47±0.04 ng/ml, p<0.0001), the C-peptide levels in the LADA group were significantly lower (0.50±0.18 ng/ml). Compared to non-LADA patients, GAD-65A and IA-2A autoantibody titers were higher in LADA patients (p<0.0001). Patients with LADA had lower waist circumferences (79.62±15.42 cm vs. 92.55±17.24 cm, p<0.0001) and BMIs (Body Mass Index) (21.02±4.21 kg/m2 vs. 24.02±3.48 kg/m2, p<0.0001). Furthermore, 68.75% of patients with LADA had a first-degree family history of diabetes, compared to 50% of non-LADA patients. CONCLUSION: LADA is underdiagnosed, with a prevalence of 10.7% among T2DM Sudanese patients. GAD-65A autoantibodies are the most sensitive biomarker. For prompt diagnosis and treatment, early screening is recommended.

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Diabetes and associated disorders Diabetes Management and Research Biological Research and Disease Studies

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