History of the Emergence of The Repentance Trend In Sunni Sources

This article analyzes the history of the emergence and development of the "refutation" movement in the Islamic world, in particular from the perspective of Sunni theological sources, in a broader and more scientific way. Refutation, that is, responding to misconceptions, innovations, and doubts with scientific evidence, began in the early days of Islam, and its main goal is to ensure the preservation of Islamic teachings in their pure form. The article examines the formation and development of the refutation movement in detail, starting from the time of our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and the activities of the companions, followers, and great scholars of later centuries in this direction, including Abdullah ibn Abbas's arguments against foreigners, and the works of scholars such as Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Imam Bukhari, Imam Maturidi, and Abu Mu'in Nasafi. The factors that influenced the formation of the apostasy movement, including various ideological factions, jurisprudential debates, errors in Sufism, and philosophical influences outside Islam, are also examined. At the end of the article, the scientific methodology, characteristics, and important role of the apostasy movement in maintaining the unity of the Islamic Ummah are summarized

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