Theoretical and Experimental Study of Semi-transparent PV Panels Based on Conventional Solar Cells for Crop-adapted Agrivoltaics

In response to the growing interest in dual-use solar technologies for agriculture, semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) panels have garnered considerable attention for their capacity to concurrently produce electricity and allow sunlight essential for plant growth to pass through. This study offers a comparative investigation of two varieties of semi-transparent photovoltaic panels utilizing typical monocrystalline silicon solar cells with strategically arranged designs. The first-type panel permits roughly 54% light transmittance, but the second-type panel offers about 68%, particularly within the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) spectrum of 400–700 nm. Employing a theoretical model of solar radiation transmission, solar energy flows were computed for five distinct tilt angles (25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, and 45°) within the geographic parameters of the Jomboy district, Uzbekistan (39.789°N, 67.50°E, 380 m elevation). The annual transmittance data were subsequently compared with the daily light integral (DLI) requirements of different vegetable and fruit crops to ascertain the optimal panel type and orientation for their demands. The findings indicate that the second-type panel (≈68% transmittance) is more appropriate for high-light-demand crops such as tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and bell pepper, while the first-type panel (≈54% transmittance) is better suited for low- to moderate-light crops such as lettuce, basil, and other leafy vegetables. These findings enhance the design of agrivoltaic greenhouses for improved light management and energy efficiency.

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