EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PRINCIPLES OF HEART FAILURE IN CHILDREN

Heart failure in children is a serious and multifactorial clinical syndrome characterized by the heart’s inability to maintain adequate circulation to meet metabolic demands. Unlike in adults, pediatric heart failure often results from congenital structural abnormalities, cardiomyopathies, or myocarditis. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent irreversible myocardial damage and to improve survival and development outcomes. This article examines the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and modern therapeutic strategies for pediatric heart failure. Special attention is given to the use of echocardiography, electrocardiography, and cardiac biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP for early detection. The discussion highlights the importance of individualized therapy, combining pharmacologic treatment, nutritional support, and management of precipitating factors. Timely recognition and comprehensive treatment can significantly enhance prognosis, reduce hospitalizations, and improve quality of life for affected children.

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