THE ROLE OF A KEY ANDROGEN-METABOLIZING GENE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND EARLY DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER

Resume. Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. The 5-alpha-reductase type 2 enzyme, encoded by the SRD5A2 gene, plays a crucial role in the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a key hormone in prostate tissue growth and carcinogenesis. Genetic polymorphisms of SRD5A2 may influence enzyme activity, thereby affecting prostate cancer susceptibility and clinical progression. This study investigated the association between SRD5A2 gene polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer in the Uzbek male population. A total of 106 patients (74 with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 32 with prostate cancer) and 105 healthy controls were examined. Peripheral blood samples were collected for genomic DNA extraction and PCR-based genotyping. The G/G genotype of SRD5A2 was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (OR=3.4, p<0.05), compared to heterozygous and wild-type carriers. Patients with this genotype also exhibited higher PSA levels and more aggressive tumor characteristics. These findings suggest that SRD5A2 polymorphism can serve as a valuable genetic marker for early diagnosis and risk prediction in prostate cancer. Keywords: Prostate cancer, SRD5A2 gene, polymorphism, androgen metabolism, molecular diagnostics.

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