CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TOOTH-WHITENING METHODS FOR DENTAL DISCOLORATION: AN EXPANDED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

. Dental discoloration is a prevalent concern that frequently prompts patients to seek cosmetic dental care, as changes in tooth color substantially influence the aesthetic perception of the smile and overall quality of life. Contemporary dentistry offers a spectrum of whitening methods that differ in their mechanisms of action, degree of color alteration, and safety profiles. With the growing demand for minimally invasive aesthetic interventions, there is an increasing need for comprehensive evaluation of these methods to facilitate evidence-based clinical decision-making, optimize treatment selection for individual cases, and minimize the risk of adverse outcomes.

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