Urbanization and housing infrastructure in Tashkent: an economic-geographic analysis

This study examines the urbanization processes and the economic-geographic characteristics of housing infrastructure in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, from 2015 to 2024. As the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan and one of Central Asia’s largest cities, Tashkent has undergone significant demographic and economic transformations in recent years. Over the nine years, the city’s population surged 28.2 % from 2 371 300 to 3 040 800. The population density is growing from 7 000 to 9 000 people per km2. This growth is driven by internal and external migration flows, a high birth rate (20–25 per 1 000 people), and economic reforms. The research employs various methods, including statistical analysis, cartographic modeling, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and case study analysis. The escalation of housing prices and deficiencies in water supply, public transportation, and social services (e. g., schools and kindergartens) have intensified social inequalities. GIS-based analyses indicate that central districts (Shaykhontohur, Yakkasaray, Yunusobod) benefit from well-developed infrastructure, while peripheral areas (Sergeli, Yangihayot, Bektemir suffer from limited access to communal and transportation services. Construction of new residential complexes often fails to align with existing infrastructure capacities, resulting in water supply interruptions, traffic congestion, and environmental challenges. The study highlights the critical need for synchronized infrastructure development that accommodates demographic growth, environmentally sustainable construction practices, and regulated migration within urban planning frameworks. This research proposes evidence-based strategies to foster sustainable urbanization in Tashkent and aims to inform and enhance urban development policies. Looking ahead, comprehensive approaches addressing regional balance, infrastructure modernization, and the fulfillment of social needs will be paramount for the city’s sustainable growth.

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