Quantum-Resistant Digital Signatures (SPHINCS+) for Securing EV-to-Grid Communication Networks

The connectivity networks for electric vehicles (EVs) connected to smart grids need to be secure and scalable as the number of EVs continues to rise. V2G activities need to be resilient against the developing threats, such as those based on quantum computers, and the data (from EVs, stations, users, etc.) needs to be protected from spurious disclosure. Postquantum developments in quantum computing will raise threats that introduce vulnerabilities that may undermine the security assurances presently available with Rivest-ShamirAdleman (RSA)/ Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) systems. Light-weight threats could raise threats for V2G systems from impersonation, data tampering, and denial of service enabled via reduced resilience. A framework with a digital signature to authenticate, similar to SPHINCS+ to provide integrity assurance for V2G networks, QuantumResistant Signature-based Secure Grid Communication (QSDSGC), was developed to avoid these issues. While it can be adapted for constrained environments, SPHINCS+, a stateless signature scheme constructed from hashes, offers and combines high forward security and post-quantum resilience. A system designed using SPHINCS+ expects very low computational overhead and efficient communication, which means that the grid operators, charging stations, and electric vehicles will be able to establish a higher level of confidence and trust in the transactions that meaningfully affect the establishment of critical control signals and financial transactions. It believes that it assures safety against potentially dangerous quantum attacks in the future. The experimental outcome illustrates that QSDSGC enhances the resilience of EV-to-Grid communications systems through quantum-resistant authentication, decreased complexity of key management, and the capability to keep even strong forgery attempts at low levels.

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