Characterization of Photonic Crystal Fibers for Terahertz Signal Transmission in 6G Networks

The sixth-generation (6G) of the wireless communication will stretch into the terahertz (THz) range with unparalleled data rates, sub-milliseconds latency, and enormous scale in the connectivity between devices. The design of the effective waveguides however remains a key issue as at THz propagation losses are high. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and its special capacity to be able to engineer dispersion, birefringence, and confinement has been one of the promising ones in allowing terahertz-based 6G transmission. The given paper is a detailed characterization of a PCFs to THz communication taking into consideration factors such as the effective mode index, dispersion, confinement loss, and polarization factors. Simulations using Finite element method (FEM) have been conducted on hollowcore and solid-core PCFs over the frequency range of 0.1-1 THz. Findings indicate that the hollow-core PCFs with optimal designs attain confinement losses of less than 0.05 dB/m and almost zero dispersion over a large THz spectrum. These results indicate that alternative uses of PCFs as a viable transmission medium of 6G backhaul, short-range interconnects, and radio-over-fiber systems are possible. Other challenges that the study raises in the allocation of Ka-band spectrum, integration into the IoT ecosystems and coupling with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces are the exitsence and management interference.

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