Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Separation

Separation processes are fundamental in the chemical industry for isolating products, removing impurities, and recovering valuable components. Traditional solvents used in these processes often pose environmental and health hazards due to toxicity and volatility. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as green alternatives offering tunable properties, low toxicity, and biodegradability. This chapter explores the application of DES in various separation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction of metals and organic pollutants, solid-liquid extraction of bioactive compounds, separation of biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids, gas separation for carbon capture, and enhancement of membrane separation processes. Despite their potential, challenges such as high viscosity affecting mass transfer, recovery and recyclability issues, equipment compatibility, economic scalability, and environmental impacts of DES components need to be addressed. Future perspectives highlight the development of task-specific DES, integration with renewable resources, advances in DES formulations, potential industrial applications, and the importance of regulatory and standardization efforts to facilitate the adoption of DES in sustainable separation technologies.

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