Impact Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus On Outcomes Of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Retrospective Analysis

Background: The issue of coronary artery disease (CAD) is particularly significant among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the prevalence of which is steadily increasing globally. While coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is proven effective, the presence of T2DM significantly affects perioperative risks and long-term outcomes of the procedure. Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of demographic, clinical, surgical parameters, and postoperative complications in patients with CAD depending on the presence or absence of T2DM. Materials and Methods: Data from 384 patients who underwent elective CABG were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: 125 patients with T2DM (Group 1) and 259 patients without diabetes (Group 2). Data analysis was performed using nonparametric methods in SPSS 26.0 and R 4.0.2, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: A higher proportion of women (30.4%) and pronounced comorbidity were observed in patients with T2DM. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and effort angina was comparable in both groups, but postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS) and chronic heart failure (CHF) were more prevalent in patients with T2DM. Early postoperative complications (arrhythmias, acute cardiovascular insufficiency, stroke) were statistically significantly more frequent in patients with T2DM, while hospital mortality did not differ: 4.8% in patients with T2DM and 3.8% in those without diabetes. Surgical characteristics, including the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the number of grafts, showed minimal differences between groups, indicating a standardized approach to CABG regardless of T2DM status. Conclusions: The presence of T2DM in patients with CAD significantly affects the frequency of early postoperative complications but does not impact hospital mortality after CABG, suggesting an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Applications: To develop strategies for optimizing the treatment of patients with T2DM undergoing CABG, considering their elevated risk of complications.

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