AGE-RELATED HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE.

This article analyzes age-related histological and morphofunctional changes in cardiac muscle tissue. With the aging process, significant structural alterations occur in the myocardium. In particular, cardiomyocytes undergo compensatory hypertrophy, while in some cases a decrease in cell number and degeneration of myofibrils are observed. The accumulation of lipofuscin pigment in the cytoplasm is considered one of the characteristic histological markers of aging. Additionally, an increase in interstitial connective tissue, excessive deposition of collagen fibers, and the progression of fibrotic processes reduce myocardial elasticity and contractile capacity. Microcirculatory alterations, including a decrease in capillary density and thickening of vascular walls, impair tissue trophism and oxygen supply. Age-related changes in mitochondrial number and function negatively affect cellular energy metabolism. These histological modifications lead to a decline in the functional reserve of the heart and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and arrhythmias. The article discusses the morphological basis of these changes, their pathogenetic mechanisms, and their clinical significance based on current scientific evidence.

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