Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major global health burden due to its strong association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not only a marker of renal dysfunction but also an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GFR decline and major cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 180 patients diagnosed with CKD stages 2–4. Clinical, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameters were assessed, including estimated GFR (eGFR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), and NT-proBNP levels. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression models. Results demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between eGFR and systolic blood pressure (r = −0.54, p < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (r = −0.42, p < 0.01), CRP (r = −0.61, p < 0.001), and NT-proBNP (r = −0.65, p < 0.001). Patients with stage 4 CKD exhibited a 2.3-fold higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk markers compared to stage 2 patients. The findings confirm that declining GFR significantly contributes to the progression of cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. Early identification of renal dysfunction and aggressive management of modifiable cardiovascular factors are essential for improving long-term outcomes.

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