Comparative analysis study of major joint injuries from street and home accidents
Annotatsiya
Introduction. Major joint injuries are an important medico - social and forensic problem requiring deeper study of their features in different injury types to improve expert methods for identifying injury mechanisms and circumstances and to increase objectivity and accuracy in assessing harm to health. Aim. To perform a comparative forensic study of major joint injuries in street and home accidents, considering sex, age, time of occurrence and nature of injuries. Materials and Methods. The study used materials of forensic examinations of major joint injuries, performed at the Tashkent City Branch of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Forensic Examination in 2021. A total of 350 examinations (3.3% of all mechanical injury cases) of living persons were analyzed, of which 34 (9.7%) were related to street accidents and 20 (5.7%) to home accidents. In each case, circumstances, medical records, expert examination findings, and additional study findings were comprehensively analyzed. The data were systematized by 15 parameters and subjected to statistical processing using specialized software. Results and Discussion. Analysis of the forensic materials showed that major joint injuries were observed predominantly in men (62.3%), especially in street incidents (76.5%), whereas home accidents showed a regular sex distribution. Age differences were evident: Street trauma predominated in people aged 30–39 years, while home trauma was common in those aged 30–39 and over 50. The highest frequency of injuries was recorded in spring, mainly in the second half of the day. In most cases, the injury was isolated (94.1% for street and 75% for home accidents) and more often resulted from conflicts or falls from standing height. Morphologically, street injuries more often involved contusions and tears of periarticular tissues, whereas home injuries more often involved fractures with soft - tissue damage. Severity also differed: Home traumas were more often classified as severe (35.0%), while street traumas were more often of moderate severity (41.2%). Conclusions. Although home and street traumas represent a limited portion of the overall pattern of major joint injuries, they show distinct gender - age and temporal differences, are predominantly associated with conflict situations and isolated injuries, and home trauma is characterized by a higher share of cases classified as grievous bodily harm.