Modern Methods of Applying Projection and Gauss–Kruger Coordinates in Engineering, Geodetic and Archaeological Research

This article analyzes modern approaches to the application of projections and Gauss–Kruger coordinates in engineering geodetic and surveying studies. Recommendations are proposed for selecting the appropriate projection and coordinate system based on the scale of work and the required accuracy. A review of existing geodetic projections was conducted, and their capabilities to ensure the necessary accuracy for urban, construction, and mining surveying tasks in the Kyrgyz Republic were evaluated. The main limitations of the Gauss–Kruger projection, caused by linear distortions at zone edges and difficulties in high-precision measurements, are discussed. The study identified advantages of using stereographic and local coordinate systems for design, construction layout, and object displacement monitoring. In developing a specialized projection for engineering urban geodetic work, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate distortion issues, ease of practical application, and its compatibility with the national coordinate system.

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