MORPHOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THE PALATINE TONSILS IN TONSILLITIS AND ADENOIDITIS IN CHILDREN

Adenoiditis and chronic tonsillitis are among the most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children. These pathological conditions are closely associated with the morphological and immunological characteristics of the adenotonsillar system and play an important role in the formation of local immunity and the development of immune responses to antigenic exposure. The article presents current data on the anatomical and histological structure of the palatine tonsils, the morphofunctional organization of lymphoid tissue, and their role in immunogenesis. Pathomorphological changes occurring in the tissues of the palatine tonsils during chronic inflammatory processes are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the immunological activity of lymphoid tissue, changes in lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine production, and the role of secretory immunoglobulins in adenoid hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. Analysis of the literature indicates that the palatine tonsils are an important component of the local immune system. A detailed study of their morphological and immunological characteristics is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of upper respiratory tract diseases in children and for improving the methods of early diagnosis and treatment.

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