Gas-laser cutting of carbon steel of U8G grade for gin saws

This study presents a theoretical and experimental investigation into the gas-assisted laser cutting of carbon steel, a material widely used in the manufacture of gin saw blades. The research establishes the physical and thermophysical principles governing the laser-oxygen interaction and develops a mathematical model for describing the temperature distribution generated by both point and spatially distributed heat sources. The model enables the calculation of cutting speed as a function of laser power, material thickness, and thermal conductivity, while accounting for chemical reaction energy and gas flow dynamics within the cutting zone. Numerical simulations reveal the influence of laser parameters and oxidation kinetics on the transition between stable and unstable cutting regimes, indicating that exothermic reactions can contribute up to 40-60% of the total process energy. Experimental validation confirms that the cutting speed increases nonlinearly with laser power and decreases with greater material thickness, in agreement with theoretical predictions. The study also demonstrates that, due to localized heating and rapid gas-assisted cooling, the heat-affected zone remains narrow 0.05-0.2 mm, ensuring minimal microstructural alteration. The findings provide a foundation for optimizing process parameters in high-precision, high-efficiency cutting of high-carbon steels, thereby enhancing the performance and durability of gin saw components.

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