Determining the Condition of Photovoltaic Modules and The Causes of Their Degradation

In recent years, the world has placed great emphasis on developing energy-saving technologies and using renewable energy sources. According to International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates, due to social and economic development, the demand for electricity is expected to increase by more than 50 percent by 2030 compared to the beginning of this century, total demand is expected to reach 23.27 billion tons of oil equivalent1. To mitigate a potential future energy crisis and reduce negative environmental impacts, the required energy replacement can only be achieved through renewable energy sources. In this scientific article, the operating status of photovoltaic (PV) modules, the factors affecting their efficiency, and the main causes of degradation processes are analyzed. Photovoltaic systems occupy an important position among renewable energy sources, and their long-term reliability is of great importance. The article presents types of degradation, diagnostic methods, and proposals for improving efficiency. Photovoltaic modules operate on semiconductor materials. When sunlight strikes them, electrons are set in motion, generating an electric current. This process is called the photovoltaic effect.

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