Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical and Modern Perspectives

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age and a leading cause of infertility, metabolic dysfunction, and hormonal imbalance. Despite its high prevalence, the diagnosis of PCOS remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and the absence of universally accepted diagnostic standards. The aim of this study is to analyze modern diagnostic criteria of PCOS and evaluate their clinical applicability in improving early detection and management of the syndrome. The study is based on a comprehensive review of clinical, biochemical, and imaging parameters used in current diagnostic approaches, including the Rotterdam criteria, National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria, and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society (AE-PCOS) guidelines. The findings indicate that the Rotterdam criteria remain the most widely used due to their broader diagnostic scope, allowing identification of different phenotypes of PCOS. However, variability in diagnostic approaches may lead to inconsistencies in clinical practice. Biochemical markers such as hyperandrogenism, along with ultrasound findings of polycystic ovarian morphology, play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis. In conclusion, the use of standardized and comprehensive diagnostic criteria is essential for accurate diagnosis, early intervention, and prevention of long-term complications associated with PCOS. Integrating clinical, hormonal, and imaging data provides the most reliable diagnostic strategy.

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