POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN CHINA IN THE LATE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURY

This article examines the political situation in China at the turn of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the decline of the Qing dynasty, the expansion of Western powers and Japan, reform movements, popular uprisings, and the 1911 Revolution. Based on an analysis of domestic and foreign historiography, the author demonstrates how the combination of internal crises and external pressures led to the collapse of the imperial system and the emergence of Republican China.

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