PROGRESSIVE STRUCTURAL REORGANIZATION AND FIBROTIC-EMPHYSEMATOUS REMODELING OF THE LUNGS UNDER CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO NICOTINE-CONTAINING PRODUCTS

Resume. This article presents the results of an experimental study investigating progressive structural reorganization and the development of fibrotic-emphysematous remodeling of lung tissue under prolonged exposure to nicotine-containing products. The study was performed on white outbred rats with a model of chronic nicotine intoxication lasting 9 and 12 months. It was established that long-term nicotine exposure induces pronounced remodeling of the bronchopulmonary system, characterized by thickening of bronchial walls, hypertrophy of smooth muscle elements, hypersecretory transformation of the epithelium, and progression of perivascular fibrosis. In the alveolar compartment, destructive changes were observed, including the formation of emphysematous spaces (up to 50%), as well as features of chronic inflammation. The findings reflect the transition from compensatory alterations to a stage of stable fibrotic-destructive remodeling of lung tissue, forming the morphological basis of irreversible bronchopulmonary dysfunction. Keywords: nicotine intoxication, lungs, remodeling, emphysema, fibrosis, inflammation, experiment.

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