The Distinctive Features of The Persian Language: Historical-Linguistic and Structural Analysis and Its Role in Intercultural Communication

This article analyzes the Persian language (Farsi, Dari, Tajik) from a scientific perspective, focusing on its historical roots, genealogical classification, and phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical-semantic features. As a member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, the article explores the development stages of Persian, the influences of Arabic, Turkic, and Western languages, as well as the structural elements of contemporary literary Persian. Sociolinguistic processes and regional variants (Iranian Persian, Afghan Dari, Tajik Persian) are examined with a comparative and evidence-based approach.

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